Non-fading and non-toxic structural color can now be applied to flat or 3D surfaces using an inkjet printer. The Kobe University development also opens possibilities for novel display and anti-counterfeiting technologies.
Non-fading and non-toxic structural color can now be applied to flat or 3D surfaces using an inkjet printer. Kobe University materials engineer SUGIMOTO Hiroshi says, “I am really excited that the creation of an inkjet-compatible suspension for silicon nanospheres finally enables full-color printing without using pigments or dyes.” ? H. Yamana et al., Advanced Materials (2026) (DOI: 10.1002/adma.202523036) (CC BY)
While traditional printer pigments fade and most structural color can’t be printed, the Kobe University material engineer SUGIMOTO Hiroshi has been working on nothing short of a revolution in the way color is produced. Over the past several years, his team has worked on spherical silicon crystals that reflect color specifically based on their precise size in the range between 100 and 200 nanometers. Paint using this technology is extremely light-weight, non-toxic, sustainably sourced and, importantly, non-fading. However, a key element in coloring the world with this new technology has been missing: printing.
“We wanted to develop a structural color material that can be processed in a similar way to conventional inks or paints,” says Sugimoto. A key issue they had to overcome was that, as the solvent dries, the nanospheres tend to clump together. This changes how the material interacts with light and degrades its coloration. The team now tried to overcome this challenge by coating each crystal with a silica shell whose material properties won’t cause light to bend at the interface to the surrounding resin. Essentially, they created a transparent bumper between the crystals.
A key issue in creating printable silicon nanosphere ink was that, as the solvent dries, the nanospheres tend to clump together. The team overcame this challenge by coating each crystal (the dark core of each ball in the image) with a silica shell (the light outside of each ball) whose material properties won’t cause light to bend at the interface to the surrounding resin. Essentially, they created a transparent bumper between the crystals. ? H. Yamana et al., Advanced Materials (2026) (DOI: 10.1002/adma.202523036) (CC BY)
In the journal Advanced Materials, the Kobe University engineer and his team now report on their achievement. They show impressive images with vibrant colors printed at resolutions between 250 and 125 dots per inch onto a flat PET film as well as on a 3D metallic surface. Sugimoto says, “I am really excited that the creation of an inkjet-compatible suspension for silicon nanospheres finally enables full-color printing without using pigments or dyes.”
Kobe University material engineer SUGIMOTO Hiroshi and his team succeeded in full-color-printing structural colors at resolutions between 250 and 125 dots per inch onto a flat PET film. ? H. Yamana et al., Advanced Materials (2026) (DOI: 10.1002/adma.202523036) (CC BY)
When printed onto a PET film, they showed that the images exhibit different colors when the light passes through the image compared to when light from above is reflected. This is due to the way the silicon nanospheres interact with light in a process called “Mie refraction,” but it also enables a feat that is impossible with conventional inks: Other than the colors being different, the images can be made both reflective with vivid colors and at the same time highly transparent to transmitted light. “These two properties are typically considered mutually exclusive in conventional colorants,” remarks Sugimoto.
Images printed with structural color ink can be made both highly transparent to transmitted light (top) and at the same time reflecting light from above in vivid colors (bottom). “These two properties are typically considered mutually exclusive in conventional colorants,” remarks SUGIMOTO Hiroshi. ? H. Yamana et al., Advanced Materials (2026) (DOI: 10.1002/adma.202523036) (CC BY)
When applied to a monitor, such images would be virtually invisible while the display is on, but be clearly visible when it is powered off, enabling zero-energy information display possibilities. Another possible application is anti-counterfeiting technology. Looking at the future, Sugimoto thus says, “This work represents an important step towards scalable structural color technologies that are compatible with existing printing and coating processes.”
Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (grants 24K01287, 25K01608, JPNP20004), the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization and the Japan Science and Technology Agency (grant JPMJSF2405).
Original publication
H. Yamana et al.: Structural Color Inkjet Printing with Mie-Resonant Silicon Nanoparticles. Advanced Materials (2026). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202523036
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Structural color can now be printed with an inkjet printer
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